Spirometry is a simple test used to help diagnose and monitor certain lung conditions by measuring how much air you can breathe out in one forced breath.
Why spirometry is carried out
Spirometry may assist in diagnosing a lung condition if you exhibit symptoms or if your physician suspects an elevated risk of developing a specific lung ailment. For instance, it might be advised if you experience persistent coughing or breathlessness, or if you're over 35 and a smoker.
Spirometry can detect and track various conditions, such as:
- Asthma: a chronic condition characterised by recurring inflammation and narrowing of the airways
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a group of lung diseases resulting in airway constriction
- Cystic fibrosis: a genetic disorder leading to the buildup of thick mucus in the lungs and digestive tract
- Pulmonary fibrosis: involves the development of scar tissue within the lungs
If you've previously received a diagnosis of one of these conditions, spirometry may be conducted to assess the condition's severity or monitor your response to treatment.
Preparing for the test
You should avoid smoking for 24 hours prior to the test and refrain from consuming alcohol, engaging in vigorous exercise, or eating heavy meals for several hours beforehand.
What happens during a spirometry test
During the test, you'll be seated, and a soft clip will be placed on your nose to prevent air leakage. The examiner will provide instructions, and you might be encouraged to practise a few times beforehand.
For the spirometry procedure, you'll be instructed to:
- Inhale deeply until your lungs are completely filled with air.
- Seal your lips tightly around the mouthpiece.
- Exhale forcefully and rapidly, ensuring complete emptying of your lungs.
The process typically needs to be repeated at least three times to ensure accuracy.
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